presume, frivolous, fractious

presume

presume (v.) 

late 14c., "to take upon oneself, to take liberty," also "to take for granted, presuppose," especially overconfidently, from Old French presumer (12c.) and directly from Latin praesumere "anticipate," in Late Latin, "assume" (see presumption). Related: Presumed; presumedly; presuming.

presumably (adv.) 

1640s, "with presumption, without examination," from presumable + -ly (2). As a qualifier, "probably, as one would presume," from 1830.

아마, 짐작건대

presumptive (adj.) 

"speculative," mid-15c., from French présomptif (15c.), from Medieval Latin presumptivus, from Late Latin praesumptivus, from Latin praesumpt- past participle stem of praesumere (see presume). The heir presumptive (1620s) is "presumed" to be the heir if the heir apparent is unavailable. Related:Presumptively.

presumptuous (adj.) 

mid-14c., from Old French presumtuex (12c.; Modern French présomptueux) and directly from Late Latin praesumptuosus, variant of praesumptiosus, from past participle stem of Latin praesumere "anticipate," in Late Latin, "assume" (see presumption). Related: Presumptuously; presumptuousness.

(대개 명사 앞에는 안 씀) 주제넘은, 건방진

: to think that (something) is true without knowing that it is true

: to accept legally or officially that something is true until it is proved not true

: to do (something) that you do not have the right or permission to do

to take for granted, assume, or suppose:

I presume you're tired after your drive.

2.

Law. to assume as true in the absence of proof to the contrary.

3.

to undertake with unwarrantable boldness.

4.

to undertake (to do something) without right or permission:

to presume to speak for another.

(주제넘게 / 건방지게 다른 사람을 대변하다.)

verb (used without object), presumed, presuming.

5.

to take something for granted; suppose.

6.

to act or proceed with unwarrantable or impertinent boldness.

7.

to go too far in acting unwarrantably or in taking liberties (usually followed by on or upon):

Do not presume upon his tolerance.

        (그가 너한테 잘하는거 감사해야지 권리로 여기지마.>

1. “Is she still at work?” “I presume so, since she's not home.”
2. The court must presume innocence until there is proof of guilt.
3. A signed hotel bill presumes occupancy of a room.
4. He presumed to invite himself to dinner.
5. Don't presume on their hospitality.
6. do you presume to copy my work?.

frivolous

frivolous (adj.) 

mid-15c., from Latin frivolus "silly, empty, trifling, worthless," diminutive of *frivos "broken, crumbled," from friare "break, rub away, crumble" (seefriable). In law (by 1736), "so clearly insufficient as to need no argument to show its weakness." Related: Frivolously; frivolousness.

: not important : not deserving serious attention

: silly and not serious

1. She thinks window shopping is a frivolous activity.
2. <judges are getting sick of people bringing frivolous lawsuits>
3. She knew that people might think her frivolous, Kitty said, to talk to some saint when she had a cooking disaster, but that was what she really believed the saints were there for. —Alice Munro, New Yorker, 8 Oct. 2001
4. As the Explorer quickly became the most popular SUV of all time … a number of lawsuits concerning the Firestone tires were filed, the first in 1992. But Ford and Firestone, like most companies in today's … society, tend to assume that the bulk of legal actions are frivolous. —Daniel Eisenberg, Time, 11 Sept. 2000
5. There is no frivolous decoration, no canned music, nothing but the essentials—well-worn cutlery and table linen, unpretentious glasses. —Peter Mayle, GQ, May 1998

fractious

fractious (adj.) 

"apt to quarrel," 1725, from fraction in an obsolete sense of "a brawling, discord" (c. 1500) + -ous; probably on model of captious. Related: Fractiously;fractiousness.

fraction (n.) 

late 14c., originally in the mathematical sense, from Anglo-French fraccioun (Old French fraccion, "a breaking," 12c., Modern French fraction) and directly from Late Latin fractionem (nominative fractio) "a breaking," especially into pieces, in Medieval Latin "a fragment, portion," noun of action from past participle stem of Latin frangere "to break (something) in pieces, shatter, fracture," from Proto-Italic *frang-, from a nasalized variant of PIE root *bhreg- "to break" (cognates: Sanskrit (giri)-bhraj "breaking-forth (out of the mountains);" Gothic brikan, Old English brecan "to break;" Lithuanian brasketi "crash, crack;" Old Irish braigim "break wind"). Meaning "a breaking or dividing" in English is from early 15c.; sense of "broken off piece, fragment," is from c. 1600.

: causing trouble : hard to manage or control

: full of anger and disagreement

refractory or unruly:

a fractious animal that would not submit to the harness.

2.

readily angered; peevish; irritable; quarrelsome:

an incorrigibly fractious young man.

1. The fractious crowd grew violent.

• As our own fractious moment shows, the world spins, 
• but not always in the same direction.
• There are two rollicking sailors in this fractious 
• and excellent comedy.
• He has led this potentially fractious process 
• with great professionalism and even handedness.
Instead, it has stumbled into fractious internal squabbling.
It is far from having a fractious free press or 
an active civil society.
fractious and marginal, they have so far been unable 
to field a viable candidate for president.
<verb (used with object)
23.
Baseball, Cricket.
1. to catch or pick up (the ball) in play:
   The shortstop fielded the grounder and threw to first for the out. <유격수가 땅볼을 잡아서  1루에 아웃시키려고 던졌다.
2. to place (a player, group of players, or a team) in the field to play.
24.
to place in competition:
to field a candidate for governor.
25.
to answer or reply skillfully:
to field a difficult question.
26.
to put into action or on duty:
to field police cars to patrol an area.>
His fractious coalition proved impossible to manage.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Importantly, their armies also learn to work together, 
even when relations between 
their governments occasionally turn fractious.
----------------------------------------------------------------
The political culture remains fractious and often violent.
Yet the cabinet's decree has united his often fractious opponents and so far failed to achieve its objective.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.